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The happy city is one of the topics that has been considered by many urban experts in recent decades. The issue of happiness in urban space is becoming one of the urban spaces' expectations. From Montgomery's perspective, happiness is not a vague concept but a defined and measurable equation directly influenced by the man's environment. The issue of a happy city in our country is still not as important as it is, so that according to research conducted during the years 2007-1997, the level of happiness in Iran is ranked 56th among 97 countries. Today, due to economic problems and the relatively high unemployment rate and other issues, Hamedan's city needs to create happiness and raise the collective spirit more than before. If this city does not decide to move towards achieving the city's goals, it will face a social catastrophe. We faced with the title of the depressed city of Hamedan. In this regard, by examining the influential factors of emotions in the sense of happiness, the present study tries to take a positive step towards achieving the goals of a happy city. The present study is a descriptive-analytical method of quantitative type and based on survey research. The study's statistical population includes users of the two spaces of Pasteur axis and Bu Ali Sina sidewalk in Hamedan, which were selected using the unknown community formula in the Pasteur axis equal to 300 and Bu Ali Sina sidewalk equal to 385 people for analysis. The collected data were designed and analyzed using Amos software to develop a structural equation model (SEM). This study shows that the amount of positive emotions in Bu Ali Sina sidewalk is much higher than the Pasteur axis, and this issue is not unrelated to the type of space design of both axes. In this research, some suggestions are presented.

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Introduction: as a component of the urban landscape, road sign systems are among the most critical elements of urban environments. Generally speaking, the written signs dominate the design of these systems. These signs can also foster aesthetic and visual pleasure compellingly and innovatively. Furthermore, they perpetuate a specific image in the minds of their observers. This research seeks to answer the question of what functions the written elements of the road sign systems of metropolitan Tehran serve and how these written signs relate to their audience.
Research objective: The present article offers a semiotic analysis of the text in metropolitan Tehran's road sign systems vis-a-vis their audience. To that aim, the paper first goes over the strengths and weaknesses of the text in representing the language and reflecting the discursive language in the first implicative level of the text. It then employs the principles of visual arts to discuss the specific implicative levels of text (paralinguistic and non-linguistic) in which text takes on particular visual qualities.
Research methodology: The method of semiotic analysis has been used as research philosophy, theoretical tool, and method. Inductive research is a research sample strategy. The main approach of the research is a qualitative analysis, and in terms of time horizon, it has been done in cross-sectional research. Also, field research is done in terms of data collection, theoretical foundations and empirical background, library study, and qualitative data collection. The tool for collecting qualitative data in this research is interviews and documents.
Results: The research findings indicate that text may fulfill functions other than merely communicating its literal meaning. Specifically, its multiple implicative levels can help build identities in urban environments and inculcate a sense of spatial belonging and nostalgia in the urban audience. However, various challenges complicate the audience's communication of linguistic and visual meanings and concepts. These challenges include 1. Deficiency (or lack thereof) in utilizing Persian written signs to communicate with the target audience and in its stead using English text along with the use of the unclear and hard-to-read font (at the written level of the text); 2. Low-quality styling, arrangement, and layout of the urban road signs (at the paralinguistic level of the text); 3.A. lack of harmony among the fonts used in designing the road sign systems and lack of coordination between the fonts and the subject and function of the urban places; 3.B. poor choice of color in road sign systems; 3. C. The resemblance of the road sign systems to other experiences and lack of an independent ethos (at the non-linguistic level of the text).
Conclusion: to enhance the communicative and visual aspects of the road sign systems of metropolitan Tehran, one needs to consider the various implicative levels of these systems. Utilizing bi-lingual text while prioritizing Persian fonts is helpful in clearly communicating the message to the audience (the linguistic level of the text). On the other hand, attention to arrangement, the harmony between the written elements and the function of a place, the appropriate color, and distinctive textual features in these systems combine to instill a sense of place, beauty, and attachment in the audience implications of the text (the paralinguistic and non-linguistic levels of the text).


 

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Background and Objectives: The aim of this research was to introduce architectural factors, influencing students' perception of school climate, having a great effect on students' achievement academically, mentally and physically, one of the problems of high school students is their unwillingness for learning and passes their times at educational setting. School connectedness has an effect on students' mental health and decrease of absenteeism and anxiety, also can improve students' collaboration for class activities.
Methods: The method of research was both qualitative and quantitative via SPSS and AMOS soft wares. The SEM technique used to determine the possible correlation between physical environment and school climate, the minimum sample of 104 determined by G.power software. In this study, 180 accessible samples of volunteer girl students from three high- schools in Gorgan city were used.  Scales which used named "The six factor school building checklist" "with factors namely, context, massing, social space, interface, way finding and comfort and what's happening in this school? From the students' perspective" for assessing school climate. Test of normality, multiple regression and Pearson correlation used to determine normality and the effects of factors and their variables.
Findings: According to R=0.82, there was a strong correlation between physical environment and school climate from the Students' perception and via considering R Square (R2=0.68), 68percent of school climate determined by physical environment as independent variable. From the structure equation modeling, reported that physical environment had a direct total effect of 0.93 on school climate, which showing that the six factor checklist scale is appropriate to determine school climate, and the school connectedness with the regression weight of 0.86 reported as the most influential factor to determine school climate. Regarding to attained results, five factors respectively, social space (Beta weight=0.36), interface (Beta weight=0.22), massing (Beta weight=0.18), way finding (Beta weight=0.15) and comfort (Beta weight=0.10) significantly affected students' perception of school climate but the context factor had a slight effect on students' perception of school climate and it was not statically meaningful.
Conclusion: From the results, concluded that the first factor for improving school climate is school connectedness enhancement and the first factor for improving physical environment is considering social spaces in educational setting. Providing small group spaces related to classroom setting, students' access to teachers' office for better interaction out of class times and teachers' support, providing spatial experience for students from the main entrance to the classroom, variation in mass of building and clarity of function in designing building mass are some of the variables that can enhance students' perception of school climate and school connectedness. Building scale in relation to site scale had a slight effect on school climate from the students' perception and can be ignored. Comfort factor and its variables such as individual control of heat and controlling classroom noise level were not at the first priority but should be applied before planning and designing. School building mass design and its placing with suitable distance from the main streets is one of the noise level control method for educational setting

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Introduction: Identity in the form of artificial environments is always derived from human components and behavioral sciences, and this identity is more valuable in neighborhoods that have history and historical context, due to the multiple uses of semantic and identity signs attributed to culture, which are used in different age groups. Signs can have a different appearance from their point of view. Therefore, in this research, to investigate the impact of visual and semantic signs that lead to the identity of the old urban context on the different perceptions of three age groups, young, middle-aged, and old, it has been tried to identify these factors from the point of view of experts and spatial users.
Methodology:The research method is a qualitative-quantitative combination that is used in the extraction of variables from semi-structured interviews with coding and data reduction technique in ATLAS.TI software and in a small part of JMP software to analyze inferential statistics and correlation of age groups and plot curve fitting is used
Results: The results show that in the age groups of 60-40 and 40-20, attention to perceptual and visual signs in the same space is almost equal, and the correlation coefficient of 0.76 indicates this. In general, it can be said that for the design of perceptual and visual signs in space, age groups of 20-60 years old think in the same way, and the results of one group can be used to explain the behavior of another group, but this is the case in the age group of 60-80 years old. It doesn't exist and it is necessary to examine the opinions of this age group separately before designing an environment with these characteristics; but according to the graphs, it is clear that the perceptual and visual signs in the age groups of 60-40 and 80-60 have a higher correlation. It seems that the way of looking at the signs in the age groups of60-80 has a difference and over time, this difference is more. It is also possible, according to the determination coefficients obtained, it confirms that special attention should be paid to this issue in designs based on perceptual and visual signs.
Conclusion: In the conclusion of this research, the Fahadan neighborhood as a rich context with various visual and perceptual signs is first extracted from different aspects and then evaluated. The extracted signs can be categorized into spatial, physical, mystical, climatic, and social dimensions.
 

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Introduction: Thermal comfort in semi-hot and dry climates is one of the main factors for the presence of people in open urban spaces. The present research seeks to achieve a greater presence of people and reduce heat stress for the comfort quality of the micro-climate of the garden. Each of the artificial components of Jahathe n Nama Garden and the effective climatic conditions, has dealt with all of them. Thermal comfort has always been one of the main factors in architecture and urban planning, and among the solutions that respond to climatic conditions, we can mention the Iranian gardens, which have had a great impact on modifying the climatic conditions of the environment since ancient times. Elements that cause human comfort and have natural and artificial dimensions and components. Due to this issue, the Iranian garden model has created green and pleasant spaces for comfort and tranquility and the presence of people, which has been able to make the climatic conditions of the environment livable, desirable, and pleasant.
Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and, in terms of method, qualitatively and quantitatively simulated with Envi-met 4 basic software, which is selected by selecting eight points in the garden, on the first of July by comparing them with the PET thermal comfort index between points. Therefore, the research is based on two strategies of logical reasoning, library analysis on the one hand and quantitative measurement based on ENVI-met 4 basic simulation software. On the other hand, the effective components such as (the location and structure of the garden, and materials) are compared between the mentioned points. Ross data analysis was performed at 9 am, 12 noon, and 5 pm on the 1st of July, the hottest day of the year in the afternoon.
Results: By examining the models (change of materials and orientation), the comfort conditions of the garden are improved and the change of orientation of the garden is more effective than the change of materials. Also, the average radiant temperature has the greatest effect on thermal comfort. R1=0/73  R3 = 0.70, R5 = 0.74, and R7 = 0.74 indicate their correlation. The artificial components of the Jahan Nama garden greatly affect the thermal comfort of the garden in hot seasons. 
Conclusion:  As a result, the choice of materials and proper orientation leads to controlling the rate of absorption of air temperature and circulation, which reduces heat stress. In the end, the research findings show that the synergy of the components of the Iranian garden in hot and semi-arid climates increases the thermal comfort in the microclimate of the garden and in creating urban open spaces with quality and optimal energy consumption Warm seasons and physical and mental health and reduction of heat stress are very important and the research findings are presented as a model that shows the synergy of these components to provide outdoor thermal comfort.

 

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Meaning is one of the most important topics in the fields of psychology, sociology,
architecture, urban planning, and landscape design today so that in the field of architecture,
the place of meanings and the transfer of concepts in size, Form, and performance have been
important. The house has a special place in architectural structures. Architecturally speaking,
houses belong to the world of concepts and meanings, and if the people who live in it can
understand its governing concepts, they can better communicate with that environment. In
recent decades, the concepts and ideas of human sciences have been closely related to art and
architecture; So that this relationship has led to the production of new forms, spaces and
readings of architecture. This relationship occurs both as a common chapter between
architecture and human sciences and as a new approach and perspective in architectural
research literature. On the other hand, with the importance of finding language in postmodern
theories, architecture has been seen as a text . A text that conveys a set of values, thoughts and
traditions along with it and has a language behind its curtain that talks to the audience and the
audience tries to read its meaning and interpretation. In the 1970s, linguistic studies have
found their place in the field of art, and after that, semiotics as a branch of linguistics was
used in the criticism and reading of artistic texts. Semiotics, as one of the methods of text
analysis, seeks to analyze texts in terms of structured wholes and in search of hidden and
implied meanings. Semiotic studies focuses on the system of rules that govern the discourses
involved in texts and emphasizes the role of semiotic context in the formation of meaning.
Each and every detail in traditional Iranian houses had its meaning and concept for users,
which has made it valuable. Unfortunately, today, with the advent of modernity and the
industrialization of societies, the house is seen as a means of temporary use, and this has
caused the house to take on a new meaning. This study examines the meaning of home from
the perspective of social sciences that pays more attention to the cultural and social aspects of
the home. In this approach, one of its methods is the semiotic method. Semiotics in the field
of architecture is the acquisition and recognition of meanings beyond the functional
implication of architecture, and attention is paid to the communicative nature of architecture,
which is rooted in social-cultural relations. The foundations of semiotic knowledge, which is
based on meaning and interpretation, can be a platform for understanding the relationship
between how the semantic and structural components of the architectural space are perceived.
Since semiotics is related to the basics of deciphering meanings, the role of the interpreter is
important in understanding these concepts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the
effective components in creating meaning in a traditional urban house and to develop a
conceptual model for proper reading of the text of the house by layered semiotics so that its
layers are identified and the objective appearance of the signals network is determined in an
interactive context.