Volume 14, Issue 51 (7-2025)
Haft Hesar J Environ Stud 2025, 14(51): 113-124 |
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Rezaei rad H. Spatial estimation of the intensity of the impact of environmental factors on thermal energy sustainability in the Tehran metropolitan area using the BCS algorithm. Haft Hesar J Environ Stud 2025; 14 (51) :113-124
URL: http://hafthesar.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-2224-en.html
URL: http://hafthesar.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-2224-en.html
Abstract: (12 Views)
Introduction: Various factors disrupt the thermal energy balance and stability on urban surfaces, often due to unintended changes in climatic parameters and the systemic imbalance of energy systems in cities. These disruptions can lead to serious environmental consequences. Simultaneously, the rapid physical expansion of cities and their adverse environmental impacts have made urban morphological development a central concern. In many global metropolises, addressing the ecological implications of such development has become a key priority in efforts to achieve sustainable urban environmental development. The rising urban population, intensification of construction activities, and increased anthropogenic heat emissions have contributed to a noticeable increase in urban temperatures. This leads to the formation of a warm air canopy over city surfaces—commonly referred to as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. Consequently, the energy consumption for cooling and heating buildings rises significantly.
Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. In the theoretical framework, the influencing factors on the thermal energy balance of urban surfaces were identified through a library-based approach and a review of relevant literature.
Accordingly, to analyze the spatial estimation of the impact level of environmental factor indicators on the thermal energy balance of surfaces, and to assess the spatial correlation with this phenomenon resulting from urbanization and urban development changes, the metropolis of Tehran in the year 2021–2022 was selected as the case study.
A cloud-free and clear satellite image of Tehran was obtained by the Landsat 8 satellite using Envi software. The spatial variation patterns of surface thermal energy across the city were assessed using various remote sensing algorithms. Subsequently, the spatial correlation between environmental factor indicator layers and the surface thermal energy layer in the 22 municipal districts of Tehran was estimated using the Band Collection Statistical algorithm
Results: Among all the major environmental factor indicators, four indicators (number of urban parks, NDVI, NDMI, and NDWI) were selected based on their correlation coefficients exceeding 25%. The spatial estimation of environmental factor indicators in the thermal energy balance of Tehran metropolis shows that all four mentioned indicators have a direct association with the environmental dimension. In terms of absolute values, NDWI exhibited the highest correlation coefficient, whereas the number of parks and green spaces showed the lowest. These levels of correlation reflect the increasing role of anthropogenic activities and their impacts on environmental factor indicators. As a result, any change in these patterns will alter the surface heat levels, and consequently, the intensity of the heat island and ultimately the thermal energy balance on the surface.
Conclusion: Since urbanization and urban development are the main factors behind changes in the thermal energy distribution of Tehran's metropolitan surfaces, the implementation of targeted policies in these areas can lead to measurable shifts in environmental factor indicators. Ultimately, such shifts are likely to impact mobility, behavioral, and residential patterns, thereby affecting the degree of thermal energy sustainability across various districts of the Tehran metropolis. All the proposed strategies have been formulated to mitigate ambient and surface temperatures and cool the urban environment.
Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. In the theoretical framework, the influencing factors on the thermal energy balance of urban surfaces were identified through a library-based approach and a review of relevant literature.
Accordingly, to analyze the spatial estimation of the impact level of environmental factor indicators on the thermal energy balance of surfaces, and to assess the spatial correlation with this phenomenon resulting from urbanization and urban development changes, the metropolis of Tehran in the year 2021–2022 was selected as the case study.
A cloud-free and clear satellite image of Tehran was obtained by the Landsat 8 satellite using Envi software. The spatial variation patterns of surface thermal energy across the city were assessed using various remote sensing algorithms. Subsequently, the spatial correlation between environmental factor indicator layers and the surface thermal energy layer in the 22 municipal districts of Tehran was estimated using the Band Collection Statistical algorithm
Results: Among all the major environmental factor indicators, four indicators (number of urban parks, NDVI, NDMI, and NDWI) were selected based on their correlation coefficients exceeding 25%. The spatial estimation of environmental factor indicators in the thermal energy balance of Tehran metropolis shows that all four mentioned indicators have a direct association with the environmental dimension. In terms of absolute values, NDWI exhibited the highest correlation coefficient, whereas the number of parks and green spaces showed the lowest. These levels of correlation reflect the increasing role of anthropogenic activities and their impacts on environmental factor indicators. As a result, any change in these patterns will alter the surface heat levels, and consequently, the intensity of the heat island and ultimately the thermal energy balance on the surface.
Conclusion: Since urbanization and urban development are the main factors behind changes in the thermal energy distribution of Tehran's metropolitan surfaces, the implementation of targeted policies in these areas can lead to measurable shifts in environmental factor indicators. Ultimately, such shifts are likely to impact mobility, behavioral, and residential patterns, thereby affecting the degree of thermal energy sustainability across various districts of the Tehran metropolis. All the proposed strategies have been formulated to mitigate ambient and surface temperatures and cool the urban environment.
Keywords: Surface thermal energy sustainability, Environmental factor indices, BCS algorithm, Tehran metropolis.
Type of Study: Research |
Received: 2024/03/11 | Accepted: 2024/09/20 | Published: 2025/07/1
Received: 2024/03/11 | Accepted: 2024/09/20 | Published: 2025/07/1
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