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Living in apartments has turned into an inevitable way of life in the current century. The inhabitants of these small dwelling places feel the need to have access to open spaces. In such spaces care must be given to social factors since they are places where people visit each other. Taking factors that affect social responsibility while planning those spaces, would lead to the presence of more people in those areas. Security is a factor that influences people's presence and stay in a place. Since in the city of Ilam public open space per capita is little and increasing this space inside the city is not possible due to negligence about public open space in this city's detailed plan, increasing semi-public and private open space per capita is highly important. The authors of this article tried to find out what factors affected social responsibility in open spaces in residential complexes through the study of library documents and application of a descriptive survey by preparing an 18 item questionnaire and distributing it among the inhabitants of a "The Self-employed" residential complex in Janbazan neighborhood which consists of 900 apartments. The data obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The analysis showed that increasing thermal comfort of open spaces in residential complexes, will lead to the presence of more inhabitants in those spaces and thus social responsibility would increase. Physical factors that cause increase in Security are provision of appropriate Closeness, absence of non-resident individuals, flooring and furniture suitable, adequate lighting at night.   

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The Mehr Housing Project is the most important policy of the ninth and tenth government in housing for low-income people, which, due to the high cost of its design, needs to be examined for the results of this experience. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to measure the residents' satisfaction with the quality of the residential environment in the two macro sections (urban environment) and the wisdom (residential environment) of the Mehr occupation of Azadshahr in Hamadan. The method of this descriptive-analytical study and the data gathering tool include documentary and survey studies through the distribution of 214 questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using spss21 software. The analytical results of the research indicate that satisfaction of residential complexes is higher than the average and at the average level, satisfaction of residential units is higher than the average and at a moderate level; however, people are of the quality of services and facilities of the open space environment and accessibility and proximity Urban and urban centers are almost unhappy. In general, residents of the study area are not satisfied with the quality of the residential environment (residential units, residential complexes, open spaces) and the quality of urban environment (access and public transportation). On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between age and sex with the satisfaction of Mehr housing. But between income and satisfaction of respondents from Mehr housing, there is a moderate and positive relationship. The security of residential environment and economic factors are highest and the number of rooms has the lowest importance from the residents' point of view.

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Regarding the current environmental conditions of cities as well as attention to the future of the city and the acceleration of the urbanization process in Iran, revision of the design methods of residential complexes is very necessary. In cities filled with the future population, apartment life will be more prevalent, and the number of people who open their free time in the yard, next to their favorite pond and garden, will slowly decline. On the other hand, the increasing growth of mental illnesses in urban and modern societies, therefore, can be used to control depression using green spaces in the design of residential areas and complexes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental permeability on residents' depression on 669 inhabitants of Khatoon and Chogan residential complexes in Shiraz. The results of the research indicate that depression status among the residents of the two complexes is significantly different. Findings show that the total open space environment has been effective on the depression scores of residents of Khatun and Polo residential areas. Environmental environment variables including green space quality, spatial diversity, social spaces, landscapes, landscaping, color quality, light and spatial proportions have a significant positive effect on depression scores among residents of Khatun and Polo residential areas

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A sense of belonging to a place means the experience and perception of a particular site that identifies a person's orientation towards a location with a sense of difference, orientation and spatial understanding. In this study, the sense of belonging to a place as one of the components of creating the quality of space in residential spaces is discussed. In pursuit of this goal, the purpose of this study was to compare the sense of belonging place as physical and non-physical, which is measured by comparing the sense of belonging in a residential complex. In this paper, after physical examination and environmental factors, we can analyze the physical and emotional factors such as light, materials, color space, proportions, etc., in addition to physical factors, in order to promote the sense of belonging to the location. And the environment There were also emotional factors that could be considered security, the readability of space. According to a study conducted by documentary and library studies, the achievement of the following research can be noted that residential spaces are physically distinct in character, which is more successful in creating a sense of belonging to a place. In fact, as much as possible, the environment is more capable of providing different levels of human needs; in the same way, the person believes that his relationship with the environment is effective and that the environment is more appropriate.

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Due to the increasing population growth, the lack of uncontrolled land in cities, the pattern of housing production in cities has gradually changed and has expanded into residential complexes to respond to housing demand, which has The social interaction of residents has been diminishing. The public space of a high-rise residential complex, if designed appropriately for residents' gatherings, can be transformed into areas for interaction and exchange, providing physiological and psychological comfort, enhancing the sense of belonging, creating security, vitality, and so on. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the quality of the public space of the complex and finally to provide solutions to make the public space more desirable that could meet the needs of people of different age groups with the measures mentioned in the research. And enhance residents' social interactions. The research method was combined. In doing this research, we first collected the research background on public spaces of residential complexes and social interactions in it. According to the extracted variables from the research background, the hypotheses were written. For the independent and dependent variables of the research, criteria, and sub-criteria were identified through reference to the articles and references. Then, each sub-criterion was asked on the criterion for measuring the hypotheses and social interactions. The sample size was 398 persons. Since the design was done in Lahijan city of Gilan province, the questionnaires were distributed in Lahijan city as well as analysis of residential and site complex space through SPACE SYNTAX software and DEPTH MAP software. The results showed that the parameters (diversity, readability, physical framework, environmental capability, safety, facilities) in the area of ​​acceptance of the research hypothesis had a positive and significant effect on the promotion of social interactions of Lahijan residents, and safety criterion had the most impact on promoting Lahijan residents' social interactions. And others (physical and hierarchical elements) were estimated in the rejection area of ​​the research hypothesis. The priority order of the hypotheses is as follows: 1) Safety 2) Physical framework 3) Facilities 4) Environmental capability 5) Variety 6) Legibility. And according to the data, design solutions were expressed. Based on the analysis and analysis using the space syntax method and UCL DEPTH MAP software, we found that this urban space had good accessibility, security, and readability, and since being readable, it was necessary to have security and accessibility. More than met the criteria needed for social interaction, we concluded that the site was properly positioned to design a residential complex with an increased interaction approach As well as analyzing residential complex plans, we found that access planning, visual interconnection, depth of space and connections between components were well observed in the complex plans and public space and overall this residential complex was able to The help of their public spaces provided a convenient place for social interaction.

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Introduction: Increase in urban population and development of cities has led urban planning and designing into a new stage of sustainable development so that the importance of effective energy design to develop cities sustainably, especially in urban housing, seems vital. One of the main principles of sustainable climate development is to examine how residential buildings are suited to enhance their thermal performance in cities. Therefore, this study aims to examine the components and geometrical indices of physical location influencing thermal performance in the design stage in the Cold semi-arid climate of Hamedan. The factors influencing the thermal performance of physical location regarding theoretical foundations and the literature were investigated. The physical location of residential complexes has different influencing factors for saving energy, such as the direction of the buildings, the form of mass-space at the site, and the height (density) with various geometrical characteristics. 
Methodology: The research method combines qualitative (descriptive, analytical, and field observation) and quantitative (energy simulation data) methods. Data analysis was conducted using statistical methods, correlation test, ANOVA, T-test, and comparison with the reference model. The independent variable is physical location components (direction, mass-space, and height), and the dependent variable is annual energy consumption. 
Results: 15 residential buildings were coded and simulated by identifying four main groups and their subgroups in Hamedan. The findings revealed that physical location components influence energy consumption intensely. Choosing the proper direction can save a significant amount of energy in most patterns, mostly linear patterns. Correlation analysis among geometrical indices influenced by mass-space and energy consumption indicates a direct and intense relationship. The fewer amounts of indices, including the window–to–gross area, the ratio of area-to-mass, the, and occupation level line are, the more energy is saved. Then they are regarded as the main priority of designing. Increase in height and its influencing geometrical indices leads to a decrease in cooling energy consumption and has different results in the consumption of heating energy and the total energy. 
Conclusion: The most optimal physical location is west-east oritation, and the least suitable one is north-south to 120 degrees. Dense patterns with fewer occupation level lines are the most suitable mass-space pattern in residential complexes. By comparing the patterns with the reference model, linear patterns with an average of 13.05% energy saving are optimal. Sparse patterns are the most inefficient, with an average of 5.86% saving, and dense and combined patterns have moderate energy saving. Patterns with the most area to the volume of blocks are not considered suitable in a cold climate for residential complexes. Correlation analysis between height (increase in surface-area-to-volume ratio and H/W) and energy consumption shows that among the six patterns being investigated, there is an increase in consumption in 2 patterns, and in the other six patterns, there is a noticeable decrease in energy consumption.

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Introduction: Place attachment is the intersection of physical elements, activities, and mental concepts concerning place, formed from the environmental characteristics and individuals' mental patterns and evaluation. Based on the available resources, it seems that improving the functional efficiency of residential open spaces can help to improve the level of people's attachment.
Methodology: The present research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of nature and method, and documentary in terms of the data collection method. A 30-question questionnaire was designed and, after the pilot study, distributed among 393 residents of Shiraz district six residential complexes. The results were analyzed by SPSS24 software. Cronbach's alpha and validity and reliability test of the proposed structure with coefficients presented at specified intervals show that the research instrument has acceptable reliability.
Results: The results show that there is a relationship between open space functional efficiency and place attachment, that activity and communication are the most critical factors affecting place attachment; Comfort is in the Second level, and the context and perception of the environment are in the next ranks. Regarding the direct relationship between the attachment variable and the components of residential outdoor functional efficiency, the effect of each component was evaluated by regression test. The result shows that all independent research variables have direct and indirect simultaneous effects on the dependent variable. The results show that perception and readability of environment, directly affected by 0.271, and an indirect effect of 0.258, will lead to the attachment of residents in residential complexes. The proximity of the direct and indirect effect of this component indicates the importance of this factor. Because both alone and in combination with other variables and facilitating their performance, it plays a significant role in enhancing the outdoor efficiency of the residential complex and, consequently, increasing residents' spatial attachment. Activity and communication can make people more connected to the outdoor complex of the residential complex and lead to emotional communication with the environment and lead to the attachment of residents. Also, context and layout is another factor that directly affects 0.326 and an indirect effect of 0.059 on attachment. Environmental well-being has a direct impact of 0.164 and an indirect impact factor of 0.075, which is less effective than other factors.
Conclusion: The present study results show that the functional efficiency of open spaces of residential complexes affects the degree of residents' attachment to the place. Structuring shows that the perception and readability of the environment is the most critical predictor factor in improving performance efficiency and, consequently, increasing the level of residents' attachment to the place. Users have reported the activities and communication of people with each other and in interaction with the open space, layout, and context, and environmental welfare and comfort as other practical components in this field.

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Introduction: The place is a phenomenon to which man gives meaning to and becomes dependent in his lifetime. physical components of the body in architecture cause the formation of the existential base in individuals. This study aims to determine the effect of physical components on the two residential complexes of Kuy-e Ostadan and New Side town of Ahvaz and to determine the effect of each of these components on the dictation of place by individuals.
Methodology: This study with qualitative-quantitative research method has first collected literature with documentary technique. Then Delphi technique has been used to validate the components extracted from the Theoretical Foundations in this article. The components in the questionnaire were distributed among the residents with a Likert scale. The results have been analyzed using SPSS software and various statistics.
Results: In the Kuy-e Ostadan residential complex, the highest share is related to the diversity components, lighting, with a value of (1,000), the availability of benches with a value of (0.946), and the lowest share is related to ease of access with a value of (0.383). The lighting component had a significant effect in creating a sense of place. The diversity component and availability of the benches in this residential complex increased the time spent in this place. It is followed by incrementing the attachment and creating a sense of place. The highest correlation is between the green space variable and other variables in the New Side residential complex. The highest case is between readability and diversity with the value of (0.955). After them, green space with the meaning (0.921), and the lowest between the facade and flooring with the value of (0.104).
Conclusion: With an overview of the factors affecting the design of these two residential complexes, it can help to formulate more appropriate design criteria and provide the possibility of designing more quality housing. Therefore, urban planners and designers must pay special attention to the set of physical factors and characteristics that create the basis for the formation of different emotions between person and place on a home scale. This provides the basis for the qualitative growth and development of the residential environment for different residents as a platform for social life.
 

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Introduction: The concept of intermediate space conveys meaning concerning inside and outside ideas. Regarding the existing policies in Kerman City, we witness building block arrangements without considering the significant components. These components are categorized into three domains of human factors, environmental factors, and Isovist. One of the main concerns of the designers for interstitial space design of residential complexes is the inaccessibility of the residents before designing. Paths are the link spaces between the pedestrian and the rider and the buildings bound to the open space body. The intestinal space plays a fundamental role in the quality of the place. In the background of environmental studies, it has been said that the capability of responding in each environment is related to its design dimensions and impacts the satisfaction and quality of individuals' lives. Since the research background in environmental design shows that the physical features of residential open spaces could influence the desirability rate of the residents' route and impact their social quality of life, we decided to evaluate the readability of the intestinal paths. This study seeks to answer this question: how much are the results obtained from the synergy of visual, qualitative, and quantitative indicators with the method of mingling in the structure consistent with the particular configuration of the residential complex's interstitial spaces?
Methodology: The research method is a mixed method, including a survey research method based on evaluating the residents of three residential complexes based on assessing the visual and perception quality and using a scholar-made questionnaire and analysis in SPSS software with a statistical population content of 90. Also, in the complementary section, the analysis of isovist components was performed using the Deptmap software.
Results: The results showed that the subsets of human and environmental components and isovist each are effective in various levels of in-between space and the domain of route legibility one of the most important concerns of the designers for designing the in-between spaces of residential complexes is the lack of access to the residents before designing, and What is the result of consistent with the visual, qualitative and quantitative incremental indicators mixed in the structure and spatial configuration of the intermediate spaces of the residential complex, This study aims to notice the psychological aspects and increase the qualitative level of the mentioned spaces and find spatial elements and features which facilitate the process of routing in the blocks interstitial space.
Conclusion: In pre-operation evaluation when the designer doesn't access the user, space arrangement analysis may be used for raising the quality of the residential in-between space design in visual respect, and noticing this subject before construction causes the efficiency and effectiveness of the route framework in the routing behavior. Also, the human, environmental, and visual components that are in balance with each other may obtain maximum environmental optimality and in this regard, the proposed strategies are provided.